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Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, specifically by the C cells. Its primary function is to regulate calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting bone resorption (the process by which bone is broken down and calcium is released into the bloodstream), thus helping to lower blood calcium levels.

The calcitonin test is often used to:

• Diagnose medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), as calcitonin levels are typically elevated in this condition.
• Assess bone health and calcium metabolism disorders.
• Monitor treatment for certain types of thyroid cancer.

Calcitonin plays a secondary role compared to other calcium-regulating hormones, like parathyroid hormone (PTH), but is an important marker in certain thyroid-related conditions.