Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of your kidneys. Often referred to as the "stress hormone," cortisol plays a critical role in your body’s response to stress, regulating metabolism, immune function, blood sugar, and blood pressure. It helps control the sleep-wake cycle and is involved in the body’s ability to fight inflammation.
The cortisol test is used to assess adrenal function and diagnose conditions like Cushing's syndrome (high cortisol levels) or Addison's disease (low cortisol levels). Cortisol levels naturally follow a diurnal rhythm, peaking in the morning and falling at night, so the timing of the test is important.