Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains in the body for life, typically in a dormant state, and can periodically reactivate without causing symptoms. In the absence of a strong immune response, this delicate balance of viral reactivation without pathogenesis can be disrupted, leading to invasive diseases and a range of indirect immunological effects. Our understanding of the immune response to CMV in both healthy carriers and individuals with CMV-related diseases has helped to develop improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
Emerging technologies are now being applied in clinical settings, providing new opportunities for better management of CMV-associated conditions. Individuals infected with CMV are also at risk of transmitting the virus to others. A positive IgG result indicates a recent infection, which could be either primary or due to reinfection.