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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus that can remain dormant in the body for life, periodically reactivating without causing symptoms. In healthy individuals with a strong immune system, the virus typically reactivates without leading to illness. However, if the immune response is weakened, the virus can cause invasive disease and trigger harmful immunological effects. Advances in our understanding of the immune response to CMV infection have helped develop better diagnostic tools and treatment options. In clinical settings, these emerging technologies offer opportunities to manage patients with CMV-related diseases more effectively. Individuals infected with CMV may also risk transmitting the virus to others. A positive IgG result indicates a past or recent infection, which could be a primary infection or a reinfection.