The Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen (HBeAg) test detects the presence of a specific protein produced by the Hepatitis B virus. A positive HBeAg result indicates active infection with Hepatitis B and suggests that the virus is actively replicating. This antigen serves as an indicator of viral replication and high infectivity. When HBeAg is present, it means the person is infectious and can transmit the virus to others.