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KOH preparation for fungus, often used in sputum KOH stain, is a diagnostic technique to identify fungal infections in respiratory specimens. The procedure involves applying a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution to a sample—such as sputum—on a microscope slide. The KOH dissolves the tissue and cellular debris, making fungal elements, like hyphae or yeast cells, more visible under the microscope. This test is particularly useful for diagnosing fungal infections such as aspergillosis, candidiasis, or cryptococcosis in patients with respiratory symptoms. It’s a quick, cost-effective method that provides valuable preliminary results for clinicians, allowing for the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment if necessary.