Purpose: PT measures how long it takes for blood to clot. It evaluates the function of clotting factors, proteins in the blood that help form a clot. These factors are produced by the liver, and PT can indicate if there’s an issue with liver function or blood clotting.
Process: A blood sample is taken, usually from a vein in your arm, and the time it takes for the blood to clot is measured. A longer-than-normal clotting time can indicate problems with blood clotting, such as liver disease or a deficiency in certain clotting factors.
Purpose: INR is a calculation used to standardize PT results. It adjusts for differences in test methods between laboratories, so it’s more reliable than just the PT alone.
Formula: INR = (PT of patient / PT of normal control) ^ ISI (International Sensitivity Index). The ISI is a value that indicates the sensitivity of the particular thromboplastin reagent used in the test.