The Testosterone Total test measures the total level of testosterone, a steroid hormone (androgen) primarily produced by the testes in men. In men, low testosterone levels may suggest hypothalamic or pituitary disorders or damage to the testes. High testosterone levels in boys can be a sign of precocious puberty (early puberty). In women, elevated testosterone levels may indicate conditions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or the presence of an ovarian or adrenal gland tumor.