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HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin) is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose (sugar) levels over the past 2-3 months. It reflects how much glucose is attached to hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Key Points about HbA1c:

• Glycation: When glucose levels in the blood are high, glucose molecules can attach to hemoglobin, forming glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The higher the blood glucose, the higher the percentage of glycated hemoglobin.
• Long-term monitoring: Unlike a fasting glucose test, which measures glucose levels at a single point in time, the HbA1c test provides a more long-term view of blood sugar control over the last 2 to 3 months.

Purpose of the HbA1c Test:

• Monitor diabetes control: HbA1c is used to monitor how well diabetes is being controlled over time. It helps to assess whether the current treatment plan (medications, diet, exercise) is effectively keeping blood sugar levels within the target range.

• Diagnosis of diabetes: It is also used for diagnosing diabetes and pre-diabetes:

  • Normal range: Below 5.7%
  • Pre-diabetes: Between 5.7% and 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or higher